Great Black Hawk
Birds Active during the day

Great Black Hawk

Buteogallus urubitinga

A powerful, soot-colored sentinel of the Neotropics, the Great Black Hawk is a master of the hunt along forest rivers and coastal mangroves. With its striking yellow legs and piercing gaze, it is one of the most majestic raptors you can discover in the tropical wild.

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Quick Identification

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Size

Length: 56–64 cm (22–25 in); Wingspan: 110–130 cm (43–51 in); Weight: 1.1 kg (2.4 lbs)

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Colors

Adults are almost entirely slate-black; bright yellow cere, lores, and legs; white base of the tail and a broad white median tail band.

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Key Features

  • Broad, rounded 'paddle-shaped' wings
  • Bright yellow legs and facial skin
  • Single broad white band across a black tail
  • Heavy, hooked black beak
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When You’ll See Them

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Activity pattern Active during the day
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Peak hours 7-11 AM and 3-6 PM
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Season Year-round
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Diet A generalist carnivore that eats reptiles (snakes and lizards), large insects, frogs, small mammals, and crabs. They are particularly known for raiding bird nests and hunting along shorelines.
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Habitat Lowland forests, mangrove swamps, gallery forests along rivers, and wet savannas.

public Geographic range

Where Does the Great Black Hawk Live?

Native to the Neotropical realm, the Great Black Hawk is a quintessential bird of the Americas. Its core range extends from the coastal lowlands of Mexico through the entirety of Central America, reaching deep into South America as far south as northern Argentina and Uruguay. While it is a resident across most of the Amazon Basin and the Pantanal, it is most commonly encountered in tropical and subtropical regions below 1,500 meters, rarely wandering into the high Andes.

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18 Countries
17.5M km² Range
Least Concern Conservation
BR Brazil MX Mexico AR Argentina CO Colombia PE Peru VE Venezuela CR Costa Rica PA Panama BZ Belize GT Guatemala GY Guyana SR Suriname French Guiana EC Ecuador BO Bolivia PY Paraguay UY Uruguay TT Trinidad and Tobago
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iNaturalist / Verified observation data
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Behavior

The Great Black Hawk is a patient and versatile predator often found near water. Unlike many soaring hawks, it frequently hunts from a perch, sitting motionless for long periods as it scans the ground or water's edge for movement. Once prey is spotted, it descends in a swift, powerful strike. They are known to be somewhat more approachable than other large raptors, though they remain vigilant and will vocalize with a piercing, whistled 'peeee-aaa' when disturbed near their nesting sites.

While generally solitary or found in pairs, these hawks exhibit intelligent foraging behaviors, such as following monkeys or even forest fires to snatch up displaced prey. They are primarily non-migratory, maintaining year-round territories where they build large stick nests high in the canopy, often near a river or swamp. Their flight is characterized by heavy, deliberate wingbeats interspersed with short glides.

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Camera Tips

To capture the Great Black Hawk on camera, focus your efforts on the water's edge. These hawks are highly attracted to riparian corridors and marshy boundaries where they hunt for frogs and snakes. Position your camera approximately 3 to 5 feet off the ground, angled toward a sunlit opening near a shoreline or a known 'perch tree' that overlooks a clearing. Because they are still-hunters, they may sit for an hour in one spot; use a camera with a sensitive PIR sensor to ensure the initial landing triggers the recording.

If you are setting up in a backyard that borders a woodland or canal, high-quality video mode is preferable to stills. These birds have fascinating handling behaviors, often using their talons to manipulate prey or their beaks to tear at bark in search of grubs. Setting a 'Detection Delay' of nearly zero is vital, as their transition from perch to prey is explosive and fast. A wide-angle lens is helpful if you are placing the camera near a frequent watering hole or a shallow pool where they might bathe.

In terms of timing, the early morning hours just after sunrise provide the best lighting for their dark plumage. Black feathers can easily 'blow out' or lose detail in harsh midday sun, looking like a silhouette. Aim for North-South camera orientations to avoid direct lens flare. While they don't typically visit traditional bird feeders, a clean, permanent water feature or a pond stocked with local minnows or frogs can make your yard a regular stop on their daily patrol.

Frequently Asked Questions

They are strictly diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. You are most likely to see them hunting in the mid-morning after the air warms up or in the late afternoon before sunset.
These hawks are attracted to large, natural properties with water features like ponds or creeks. Maintaining a habitat that supports frogs, lizards, and large insects is the best way to encourage a visit.
They have a very diverse diet including snakes, lizards, frogs, crabs, large insects, and occasionally small birds or mammals.
They are generally forest and wetland birds, but they can be found in suburban areas that are adjacent to large parks, nature preserves, or river corridors in tropical regions.
The Great Black Hawk is larger and usually shows two white bands on the tail (including the white base), whereas the Common Black Hawk is smaller with a single, very wide white median tail band.

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