Greater Adjutant
Birds Active during the day

Greater Adjutant

Leptoptilos dubius

The Greater Adjutant is one of the world's rarest and most misunderstood storks. With its massive bill and prehistoric silhouette, this 'hargila' or bone-swallower is a majestic survivor of the Asian wetlands.

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Quick Identification

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Size

Stands 145-150 cm (57-59 in) tall; wingspan of 250 cm (98 in); weighs between 8-11 kg (17.6-24.3 lbs).

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Colors

Slate-grey upperparts with contrasting white underparts. The bare head and neck are pinkish-yellow, while the massive bill is a dull horn color. During breeding, wing feathers take on a silvery-grey sheen.

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Key Features

  • Enormous, thick wedge-shaped bill
  • Distinctive inflatable orange-yellow neck pouch
  • Naked, featherless head and neck
  • Stiff, upright 'military' walking gait
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When You’ll See Them

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Activity pattern Active during the day
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Peak hours 8 AM - 5 PM
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Season October to June
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Diet Primarily a scavenger of carrion and offal, but also an opportunistic predator of fish, frogs, reptiles, and small mammals.
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Habitat Wetlands, marshes, and flooded grasslands, though they frequently visit landfills and urban dump sites near nesting colonies.

public Geographic range

Where Does the Greater Adjutant Live?

Native to the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia, the Greater Adjutant's range is now critically fragmented. Today, the world's largest breeding populations are found in the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, India, and the state of Bihar, with a smaller, isolated population residing in the Tonle Sap region of Cambodia. While they once soared across much of Southern Asia, they are now localized specialists restricted to these few remaining strongholds.

Basemap © OpenStreetMap contributors

4 Countries
240K km² Range
Endangered Conservation
IN India Cambodia Vietnam TH Thailand
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iNaturalist / Verified observation data
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Behavior

The Greater Adjutant is a fascinating, social scavenger that spends much of its day soaring on warm air thermals, much like a vulture. On the ground, it is famous for its 'military' gait—a stiff, measured walk that earned it its English name. Despite their somewhat somber appearance, they are gregarious birds, often congregating in large numbers at feeding sites or communal roosting trees.

In human-dominated landscapes, they have adapted to scavenge alongside people, often visiting landfills or fishing villages. They are generally quiet birds, but during the breeding season, they engage in loud bill-clattering and guttural croaking to communicate with mates. Their role as nature's 'cleanup crew' is vital, as they help remove carrion and organic waste from the environment.

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Camera Tips

To capture the Greater Adjutant on a trail camera, you need to account for their massive height. Place your camera 3 to 5 feet off the ground, but tilt it slightly upward; a standard chest-high placement for mammals might only capture this bird's legs. If you are monitoring a nesting site, choose a wide-angle lens setting, as these birds have an immense wingspan that can easily blur if they are too close to the sensor.

While we don't recommend baiting with carrion in residential areas, placing cameras near the edges of drying wetlands or near large, isolated nesting trees (like Kadams or Silk Cottons) is highly effective. These birds are creatures of habit and will often return to the same roosting or sunning spots daily.

Because they are most active during the heat of the day when they soar, set your camera's trigger interval to be very short. They often land with a heavy, lumbering motion that can be captured beautifully in high-speed video modes. Ensure your shutter speed is high (at least 1/1000s if your camera allows) to freeze the motion of their large wings during takeoff or landing.

In terms of seasonal timing, focus your efforts during the dry season (winter and spring in India). As water levels recede in wetlands, these birds congregate in high densities to forage for trapped fish, providing the perfect opportunity for multi-subject captures. Always use a high-capacity SD card, as their social interactions can trigger hundreds of photos in a single afternoon.

Frequently Asked Questions

They are strictly diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. They are most visible in the mid-morning and afternoon when they use rising heat thermals to soar and search for food.
Unless you live near a known breeding colony in Assam or Bihar, they are difficult to attract. They require very tall nesting trees and proximity to large wetlands or foraging grounds. Protecting local wetlands is the best way to support them.
They are famous scavengers that eat carrion and leftovers from landfills. However, they are also skilled hunters that eat fish, frogs, and large insects in wetlands.
They are only common in very specific suburban areas, such as the outskirts of Guwahati, India, where they have learned to live alongside humans and nest in village trees.
The Greater Adjutant is significantly larger and has a much thicker, wedge-shaped bill. The most obvious difference is the Greater Adjutant's hanging neck pouch, which the Lesser Adjutant lacks.

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